2007, ISBN: 9781234445638

RareBooksClub. Paperback. New. This item is printed on demand. Paperback. 40 pages. Original publisher: Washington, D. C. : U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2007 … Mehr…

RareBooksClub. Paperback. New. This item is printed on demand. Paperback. 40 pages. Original publisher: Washington, D. C. : U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2007 OCLC Number: (OCoLC)235516093 Subject: Grain trade -- Economic aspects -- United States. Excerpt: . . . direct contracts with end-users who take full charge of handling and ship-ping from farm to delivery. These contracts and handling arrangements normally encompass testing and tolerance certification requirements, carried out either by the end-user or a third-party agent. Quality Assurance The degree of quality assurance varies widely among IP products, ranging from a simple Near Infrared Reflectance ( NIR ) test at the point of entry into the supply chain to a highly regulated system of verification, certification, and assurances for products under full confinement. Whenever feasible, seed testing for specific attributes is essential for marketability of the IP product. Testing is one of the main vehicles for ensuring identity and quality of trait-specific grains and oilseeds. Sampling and testing procedures are often specified in production contracts. Testing for waxy corn types requires a single iodine-and-water test conducted by an elevator ( buyer ) at harvest. In many cases, a third party may also be involved in sampling testing at selected stages along the supply chain. NIR tests have been widely used to test for protein and oil content in grains. Moreover, advances in measurement and computing, such as digital imaging ( DI ) techniques, are enabling tests of very small or even single-seed samples for specific variety identification. Developments in the IP grain market and the burgeoning quality certifica-tion systems may indirectly affect the marketing of commodities, requiring an adaptation of existing grades and standards. As IP grain markets expand and their production and infrastructure become more widespread, it is likely that the grain commodity system itself would be altered by placing greater emphasis on quality ( facilitated by better measur. . . This item ships from La Vergne,TN., RareBooksClub<