performing ?rms were curtailed following the stock market decline and the subsequent economic slowdown of 2001 and 2002. The Federal Government was once the main source of the nation’s R&… Mehr…
performing ?rms were curtailed following the stock market decline and the subsequent economic slowdown of 2001 and 2002. The Federal Government was once the main source of the nation’s R&D funds, funding as much as 66. 7 percent of all U. S. R&D in 1964. The Federal share ?rst fell below 50 percent in 1979, and after 1987 it fell steadily, dr- ping from 46. 3 percent in that year to 25. 1 percent in 2000 (the lowest it has ever been since 1953). Adjusting for in?ation, Federal support decreased 18 percent from 1987 to 2000, although in nominal terms, Federal support grew from $58. 5 billion to $66. 4 billion during that period. Growth in industrial funding generally outpaced growth in Federal support, leading to the decline in Federal support as a proportion of the total. Fig. 2. Doctorates awarded in Engineering, Physics, and Mathematics: 1995–2002 [Source: National Science Foundation NSF 04–303 (October 2003)] Figure 1 explains the most signi?cant change in the industry which occurred in the early sixties. The industry, with pressure from Wall Street, could not ?nance long-range and risky basic research. The objective of basic research is to gain more comprehensive knowledge or understanding of the subject under study without speci?c applications in mind. Basic research advances scienti?c knowledge but does not have speci?c immediate commercial objectives. Basic research can fail and often will not bring results in a short period of time., Springer<
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Lojek, Bo: History of Semiconductor Engineering - gebunden oder broschiert
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performing ?rms were curtailed following the stock market decline and the subsequent economic slowdown of 2001 and 2002. The Federal Government was once the main source of the nation’s R&… Mehr…
performing ?rms were curtailed following the stock market decline and the subsequent economic slowdown of 2001 and 2002. The Federal Government was once the main source of the nation’s R&D funds, funding as much as 66. 7 percent of all U. S. R&D in 1964. The Federal share ?rst fell below 50 percent in 1979, and after 1987 it fell steadily, dr- ping from 46. 3 percent in that year to 25. 1 percent in 2000 (the lowest it has ever been since 1953). Adjusting for in?ation, Federal support decreased 18 percent from 1987 to 2000, although in nominal terms, Federal support grew from $58. 5 billion to $66. 4 billion during that period. Growth in industrial funding generally outpaced growth in Federal support, leading to the decline in Federal support as a proportion of the total. Fig. 2. Doctorates awarded in Engineering, Physics, and Mathematics: 1995–2002 [Source: National Science Foundation NSF 04–303 (October 2003)] Figure 1 explains the most signi?cant change in the industry which occurred in the early sixties. The industry, with pressure from Wall Street, could not ?nance long-range and risky basic research. The objective of basic research is to gain more comprehensive knowledge or understanding of the subject under study without speci?c applications in mind. Basic research advances scienti?c knowledge but does not have speci?c immediate commercial objectives. Basic research can fail and often will not bring results in a short period of time., Springer<
Nr. 978-3-540-34257-1. Versandkosten:Worldwide free shipping, , DE. (EUR 0.00)
History of Semiconductor Engineering - gebunden oder broschiert
2006, ISBN: 3540342575
2007 Gebundene Ausgabe Halbleiter / Elektronik, Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften, Physik der kondensierten Materie (Flüssigkeits- und Festkörperphysik), Spektroskopie, Spektrochemie, … Mehr…
2007 Gebundene Ausgabe Halbleiter / Elektronik, Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften, Physik der kondensierten Materie (Flüssigkeits- und Festkörperphysik), Spektroskopie, Spektrochemie, Massenspektrometrie, Elektronik, Historyoftechnology; Microelectronicsindustry; Development; integratedcircuit; semiconductordevices; Transistor, mit Schutzumschlag 11, [PU:Springer Berlin Heidelberg; Springer Berlin]<
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This book provides a unique account of the history of integrated circuit, the microelectronics industry and the people involved in the development of transistor and integrated circuit. In this richly illustrated account the author argues that the group of inventors was much larger than originally thought. This is a personal recollection providing the first comprehensive behind-the-scenes account of the history of the integrated circuit.
Detailangaben zum Buch - History of Semiconductor Engineering by Bo Lojek Hardcover | Indigo Chapters
EAN (ISBN-13): 9783540342571 ISBN (ISBN-10): 3540342575 Gebundene Ausgabe Erscheinungsjahr: 2006 Herausgeber: Bo Lojek 387 Seiten Gewicht: 0,805 kg Sprache: eng/Englisch
Buch in der Datenbank seit 2007-05-22T17:00:57+02:00 (Berlin) Detailseite zuletzt geändert am 2024-04-10T11:40:34+02:00 (Berlin) ISBN/EAN: 9783540342571
ISBN - alternative Schreibweisen: 3-540-34257-5, 978-3-540-34257-1 Alternative Schreibweisen und verwandte Suchbegriffe: Autor des Buches: lojek Titel des Buches: history semiconductor engineering
Daten vom Verlag:
Autor/in: Bo Lojek Titel: History of Semiconductor Engineering Verlag: Springer; Springer Berlin 387 Seiten Erscheinungsjahr: 2006-12-13 Berlin; Heidelberg; DE Sprache: Englisch 186,99 € (DE)
BB; Hardcover, Softcover / Naturwissenschaften allgemein; Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften; Verstehen; Ingenieurwissenschaften; History of technology; Microelectronics industry; development; integrated circuit; semiconductor devices; transistor; History of Science; Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation; Condensed Matter Physics; Spectroscopy; The Computer Industry; Elektronik; Physik der kondensierten Materie (Flüssigkeits- und Festkörperphysik); Spektroskopie, Spektrochemie, Massenspektrometrie; Informationstechnologiebranche; BC
Prologue.- Research Organization: Bell Telephone Laboratories.- Grown Junction and Diffused Transistors.- Shockley Semiconductor Laboratories.- Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation — Subsidiary of Fairchild Camera and Instrument Company.- Driving the Company Out of Business.- Integrated Circuits outside Fairchild Semiconductor.- Linear Integrated Circuits: Pre-Widlar Era Prior to 1963.- Robert J. Widlar — The Genius, The Legend, The Bohemian.- National Semiconductor — A New Type of Semiconductor Company.- The MOS Transistor.- Epilogue.
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