Molecular Evolution: Towards the Origin of Metazoa (Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology, 21, Band 21) - Erstausgabe

EAN (ISBN-13): 9783540645658
ISBN (ISBN-10): 3540645659
Gebundene Ausgabe
Erscheinungsjahr: 1998
Herausgeber: Müller, Werner E.G. Springer

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ISBN/EAN: 3540645659

ISBN - alternative Schreibweisen:
3-540-64565-9, 978-3-540-64565-8
Alternative Schreibweisen und verwandte Suchbegriffe:
Autor des Buches: werner müller, werner muller
Titel des Buches: molecular evolution, origin metazoa, marine biotechnology, the evolution the metazoa, molecular biology, biology and evolution

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Daten vom Verlag:

Autor/in: Werner E.G. Müller
Titel: Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology; Molecular Evolution: Towards the Origin of Metazoa
Verlag: Springer; Springer Berlin
185 Seiten
Erscheinungsjahr: 1998-09-17
Berlin; Heidelberg; DE
Gedruckt / Hergestellt in Deutschland.
Gewicht: 0,400 kg
Sprache: Englisch
128,39 € (DE)
131,99 € (AT)
132,00 CHF (CH)
Not available, publisher indicates OP

BB; Book; Hardcover, Softcover / Biologie/Mikrobiologie; Zellbiologie (Zytologie); Verstehen; evolution; tumor; classification; mitochondria; proteins; receptor; genome; apoptosis; senescence; amino acid; membrane; protein; primary structure; cell; cellular differentiation; C; Cell Biology; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biochemistry, general; Oncology; Biochemie; Onkologie; BC; EA

The Question of Metazoan Monophyly and the Fossil Record.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The Rise of Metazoans.- 2.1 Are Metazoans Monophyletic?.- 2.1.1 Primitive Metazoans.- 3 Fossil Evidence for the Early Evolution of Metazoans.- 4 The Search for Pre-Ediacaran Metazoans.- 5 Where Do We Go from Here?.- 5.1 What is the Sister Group (or Sister Groups) of the Metazoans, and Will the Fossil Record Yield any Insights?.- 5.2 What Are the Inter-Relationships of the “Primitive” Metazoans, Notably the Sponges, Cnidarians, and Perhaps the Ctenophores?.- 5.3 Metazoan Evolution and Convergence: What Are the Constraints?.- References.- The Evolution of the Lower Metazoa: Evidence from the Phenotype.- 1 Introductionn.- 2 Origin of Multicellular Organization.- 3 Organization, Life Cycle and Lifestyle of the Ancestral Metazoa.- 4 The Origin of the Diploblastic Eumetazoa.- 4.1 Structural Innovations of the Eumetazoa.- 4.2 Models for the Most Primitive Organism with Diploblastic Organization.- Conclusions.- References.- Origin and Phylogeny of Metazoans as Reconstructed with rDNA Sequences.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Data and Methods.- 3 Theoretical Considerations: Sources of Errors in Phylogeny Inferrence.- 3.1 Species Errors.- 3.2 Character Errors.- 3.3 Algorithm Errors.- 3.4 Other Sources of Error.- 4 The rDNA Molecules.- 5 The Utility of rDNA Sequences Depends on Their Information Content.- 6 Monophyly of Metazoans.- 7 Relationships of Larger Groups of Metazoans.- 8 Determination of the Phylogenetical Signal Conserved in 18S-rDNA Sequences.- 9 Discussion.- References.- Sponges (Porifera) Molecular Model Systems to Study Cellular Differentiation in Metazoa.- 1 Introduction: Constituent Characters of Metazoa.- 2 Porifera and the Origin of Metazoan Evolution.- 3 Reproduction in Porifera.- 3.1 Sexual Reproduction: Gametes.- 3.2 Asexual Propagation.- 3.2.1 Gemmules.- 3.2.2 Buds.- 3.2.3 “Primordial Buds”.- 4 Telomerase.- 4.1 Telomerase Assay.- 4.2 Telomerase Activity in Tissue from S. domuncula.- 4.3 Telomerase Activity in Tissue from G. cydonium.- 4.4 Telomerase Activity in Cells from G. cydonium.- 4.5 Comparison of Telomerase Activity Between Sponges and Mammalian Tumor Cells.- 5 Control of Cell Homeostasis in Sponges: Apoptosis.- 5.1 Induction of Apoptosis in Sponges.- 5.1.1 Cadmium-Induced Apoptosis.- 5.1.2 Induction of Apoptosis by Feeding the Animals with E. coli.- 5.2 Gemmule Formation.- 5.3 Induction of Expression of SDMA3 Gene.- 5.4 Telomerase Activity in Tissue from S. domuncula in Response to the Apoptotic Stimuli.- 6 Conclusion.- 6.1 Marker: Telomerase.- 6.2 Marker: Apoptosis.- 6.3 Shift from Immortal to Senescent Cells: Telomerase Activity as a Marker.- References.- The Notion of the Cambrian Pananimalia Genome and a Genomic Difference that Separated Vertebrates from Invertebrates.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Cyanobacteria in the Archean Ocean.- 3 Archaezoa as the First Animal in the Early Anaerobic Environment?.- 4 The Acquisition of Mitochondria Derived from an Endosymbiotic Paracoccus-Like Purple, Nonsulfur Bacterium as a Conditio Sine Qua Non to the Cambrian Explosion.- 5 Ediacaran Emergence of Porifera and Cnidaria as a Prelude to the Cambrian Explosion.- 6 Animals of the Cambrian Explosion and the Simultaneous Emergence of Three Subphyla of the Phylum Chordata.- 7 Genes in the Cambrian Pananimalia Genome.- 7.1 Pax 6 Genes and Eye Formation.- 7.2 The Universal Control of Anterior-To-Posterior Body Segment Differentiation by a Closely Linked Set of Hox Genes.- 7.3 The Antiquity of Ftz-F1, COUP and Other Genes Encoding Nuclear Receptor Proteins.- 8 Two Successive Rounds of Tetraploidization Events at the Beginning of Vertebrate Evolution and the Invariable Presence of Tetralogous Genes in the Vertebrate Genome.- 8.1 Four Sets of Hox Genes on Tetralogous Regions of Human Chromosomes 7pl2, 17q11.2–12, 12q13 and 2q34.- 8.2 Inevitable Degeneration of Tetralogous Genes to Trilogues, Dilogues and Even to Monologues.- 8.3 Tetralogues, Trilogues and Dilogues that Still Contribute to Functional Redundancy.- 8.4 The Emergence of New Genes from Some of the Tetralogues Trilogues and Dilogues.- 9 Conclusions.- References.- Evolution of Metazoan Collagens.- 1 Introduction: An Up-To-Date Definition of Collagen.- 1.1 The Collagen Molecule.- 1.2 The Collagen Family.- 2 Collagen Fibrils: From Sponges to Humans.- 2.1 The Homogeneous Subgroup of Fibrillar Collagen in Vertebrates.- 2.2 The Primitive Fibrillar Collagens.- 2.3 The Vertebrate-Type Fibrillar Collagens.- 3 Basement Membrane Collagen: The Marker of Tissue Differentiation.- 3.1 The Basement Membrane Collagens of Vertebrates.- 3.2 The Basement Membrane Collagens of Invertebrates.- 3.3 The Origin of Basement Membrane Collagens.- 4 The Species-Specific Collagens.- 4.1 The Mini-Collagens in Cnidarians.- 4.2 The “Externally-Secreted” Collagens.- 4.2.1 Annelid Cuticles.- 4.2.2 Nematode Cuticles.- 4.2.3 Invertebrate Exoskeletons.- 5 Conclusion: From a Sticky Membrane Protein to an Extracellular Matrix Component.- References.- Evolution of Early Metazoa: Phylogenetic Status of the Hexactinellida Within the Phylum of Porifera (Sponges).- 1 Introduction.- 2 Hexactinellida.- 3 Problem of Classification of Hexactinellida.- 4 A Rational Solution: The Deduced Amino Acid Sequence of Protein Kinase C.- 5 The Sponge cPKC Sequences.- 5.1 cDNAs.- 5.2 Cloning of the cDNA Encoding a “Conventional” PKC from R. dawsoni.- 5.3 Phylogenetic Position of R. dawsoni: Analysis of the Catalytic Domain.- 5.4 Phylogenetic Position of R. dawsoni: Analysis of the Regulatory Region.- 6 The Heat Shock Proteins: Hsp70s.- 6.1 The Sequences.- 6.2 Phylogenetic Analysis.- 7 Conclusion.- References.- Structure and Evolution of Genes Encoding Polyubiquitin in Marine Sponges.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Ubiquitin.- 2.1 Role in Protein Degradation.- 2.2 Occurrence in Nature.- 2.3 Conservation of the Primary Structure.- 3 Ubiquitin Genes.- 3.1 Class I and II: Ubiquitin Fusion Genes.- 3.2 Class III: Polyubiquitin Genes.- 3.3 Molecular Evolution of Ubiquitin Genes.- 4 Ubiquitin in Marine Sponges.- 4.1 Polyubiquitin Gene from Geodia cydonium.- 4.1.1 Expression of the Polyubiquitin Gene in Geodia cydonium.- 4.1.2 Phylogenetic Relationships of Ubiquitin Repeats in the Polyubiquitin Gene from Geodia cydonium.- 4.1.2.1 Enigma with Serine Codons.- 4.1.2.2 Homology Comparison of the Repeated Genes.- 4.1.2.3 Codon Usage in the G. cydonium Polyubiquitin Gene.- 4.1.2.4 Time Scale for Evolution of G. cydonium Polyubiquitin Gene.- 4.1.3 Is There One Additional Polyubiquitin Gene in Geodia cydonium?.- 4.2 Diubiquitin Gene from Suberites domuncula.- 4.3 Polyubiquitin Gene from Sycon raphanus.- 4.4 Phylogenetic Relationships of Sponge Ubiquitin Genes.- 5 Phylogenetic Tree of Metazoa Based on Polyubiquitin Genes.- 6 Concluding Remarks.- References.
This is the companion volume to "Molecular Evolution: Evidence for Monophyly of Metazoa", and will be of interest to all evolutionary biologists