Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors - Erstausgabe

EAN (ISBN-13): 9783211831274
ISBN (ISBN-10): 3211831274
Gebundene Ausgabe
Erscheinungsjahr: 1998
Herausgeber: Springer

Buch in der Datenbank seit 2007-05-12T20:07:50+02:00 (Berlin)
Detailseite zuletzt geändert am 2023-11-17T12:47:19+01:00 (Berlin)
ISBN/EAN: 9783211831274

ISBN - alternative Schreibweisen:
3-211-83127-4, 978-3-211-83127-4
Alternative Schreibweisen und verwandte Suchbegriffe:
Autor des Buches: yutaka, tribolet
Titel des Buches: germ

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Daten vom Verlag:

Autor/in: Yutaka Sawamura
Titel: Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors
Verlag: Springer; Springer Wien
369 Seiten
Erscheinungsjahr: 1998-10-23
Vienna; AT
Gewicht: 0,880 kg
Sprache: Englisch
87,95 € (DE)

BB; Book; Hardcover, Softcover / Medizin/Klinische Fächer; Neurochirurgie; Verstehen; Nervous System; genetics; pathology; classification; clinical trial; cell; radiotherapy; radiology; biopsy; diagnosis; carcinoma; lymphocytes; Tumor; chemotherapy; central nervous system; B; Neurosurgery; Medicine; Oncology; Pediatrics; Radiotherapy; Neurology; Pathology; Onkologie; Pädiatrie; Strahlentherapie; Neurologie und klinische Neurophysiologie; Pathologie; BC; EA

I. Introduction.- II. WHO histological classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS): germ cell tumors (GCTs).- III. Epidemiology of CNS GCTs.- 1. Histological variation and incidence.- 2. Racial and geographical factors.- 3. Age factor.- 4. Gender factor.- 5. Anatomical factor.- 6. Genetic factor.- 7. Other factors.- IV. Pathology.- 1. General features of GCTs.- 2. Germinoma.- 3. Embryonal carcinoma.- 4. Yolk sac tumor (Endodermal sinus tumor).- 5. Choriocarcinoma.- 6. Teratomas.- 6.1 Mature teratoma.- 6.2 Immature teratoma.- 6.3 Teratoma with malignant elements.- V. Immunobiology of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in germinomas.- 1. Cell types of germinoma TIL.- 2. The cause and role of immune cell infiltration in germinomas.- 3. Cytotoxicity of TIL to tumor cells.- 4. Conclusive remarks.- VI. Genesis and genetics of intracranial germ cell tumors.- 1. Clonal evolution model for tumorigenesis.- 2. Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.- 3. Problematic of ontogenesis of CNS and extracranial GCTs.- 3.1 All cells originate from primordial germ cells.- 3.2 All cells originate from different precursors during early embryonic development.- 3.3 Primordial germ cells have a physiological role outside the gonads.- 3.4 All cells originate from early toti- or pluri-potent precursor cells.- 4. Oncogenesis of GCTs.- 4.1 Oncogenesis of extracranial GCTs.- 4.2 Oncogenesis of CNS GCTs.- 4.2.1 Cytogenetic findings.- 4.2.2 Genomic studies.- VII. Clinical findings and diagnosis.- 1. Neurological manifestations.- 1.1 Neurological signs and symptoms.- 1.2 Disturbances of vertical eye movements.- 1.2.1 Posterior commissure.- 1.2.2 Rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF).- 1.2.3 Interstitial nucleus of Cajal and periaqueductal gray matter.- 1.3 Signs and symptoms of the tumors in unusual sites.- Radiological diagnosis.- 2.1 Overview of the imaging of brain tumors.- 2.2 Imaging of CNS GCTs.- 2.2.1 Germinomas.- 2.2.2 Teratomas.- 2.2.3 Choriocarcinoma.- 2.2.4 Yolk sac tumor (Endodermal sinus tumor).- 2.2.5 Embryonal carcinoma.- 2.2.6 Mixed GCTs.- 2.3 Differential diagnosis.- 2.3.1 Pineal region.- 2.3.2 Sellar and suprasellar region.- 2.3.3 Basal ganglia and thalamus.- 3. Endocrinological manifestations.- 3.1 Diabetes insipidus.- 3.2 Anterior pituitary hormone deficits.- 3.3 Endocrine evaluation.- 3.4 Precocious puberty.- 4. Ophthalmological manifestations.- 4.1 Visual symptoms caused by suprasellar GCTs.- 4.2 Visual field defects caused by germinoma.- 4.3 Prognosis of visual disturbance.- 5. Tumor markers.- 5.1 Alpha-fetoprotein.- 5.2 Human chorionic gonadotropin.- 5.3 Human placental alkaline phosphatase.- 5.4 Carcinoembryonic antigen.- 5.5 Use of the tumor marker as a predictor of treatment efficacy.- 5.6 Detection of tumor relapse by tumor markers.- VIII. Prognosis of CNS GCTs.- 1. Survival and recurrence after therapy.- 1.1 Germinomas.- 1.2 Teratomas.- 1.3 Other malignant subtypes.- 2. Outcome of patients.- 2.1 Performance status in survivors.- 2.2 Requirement of hormone replacement therapy.- 2.3 Radiation-induced brain injury, vessel occlusion, and neoplasm.- IX. Overview of management.- 1. Classification of CNS GCTs for management.- 2. Diagnosis to select an appropriate treatment mode.- 3. Overview of treatment.- 3.1 Good prognosis group.- 3.2 Technique of small field irradiation after preradiation chemotherapy.- 3.3 Intermediate prognosis group.- 3.4 Poor prognosis group.- 4. Preliminary results of Japanese Cooperative Study.- X. Surgical management.- 1. Surgical strategy for germinomas.- 2. Surgical approaches to tumours of the pineal region.- Surgical anatomy.- Dural sinuses and veins.- Brain structures.- Arteries.- Cisterns.- Choice of approach.- Surgical techniques.- Occipital transtentorial approach.- Infratentorial supracerebellar approach.- Complications.- 3. Stereotactic biopsy.- 3.1 Indications.- 3.2 Technical choices.- 3.3 Results.- 3.4 Stereotactic biopsy and the role of radiosurgery.- XI. Chemotherapy for CNS GCTs.- 1. Overall view of chemotherapy for CNS GCTs.- 1.1 Rationale.- 1.2 Use of empirical chemotherapy for presumed CNS GCTs.- 1.3 Chemotherapy for CNS metastases from systemic GCTs.- 1.4 Chemotherapy for extraneural metastases of central nervous system GCTs.- 2. Chemotherapy for recurrent CNS GCTs.- 2.1 Treatment for GCTs recurrent after irradiation.- 2.2 Treatment for GCTs recurrent after chemotherapy.- 3. Chemotherapy for newly-diagnosed CNS GCTs: neoadjuvant chemotherapy.- 3.1 General.- 3.2 Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for CNS germinomas.- 3.3 Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for non-germinomatous GCTs.- 3.4 Prospective multicenter trials of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for CNS GCTs.- 3.4.1 Germinomas.- 3.4.2 Non-germinomatous GCTs.- 3.5 Sandwich therapy for non-germinomatous GCTs: delayed surgical resection.- 3.6 The significance of residual masses after chemotherapy treatment.- 4. Chemotherapy - only trials.- 4.1 Germinomas.- 4.2 Non-germinomatous GCTs.- 5. Predictors of outcome to treatment.- 6. Myeloablative chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell rescue for CNS GCTs.- 7. A view of the future.- XII. Radiotherapy for CNS GCTs.- 1. “Diagnostic radiotherapy” or radiation test.- 2. Radiotherapy for CNS germinoma.- 2.1 History of the radiotherapy for CNS germinoma.- 2.2 Dose required to control primary tumor.- 2.2.1 Critical review of clinical studies.- 2.2.2 Dose reduction trials.- 3. Irradiation volume and technique.- 3.1 Craniospinal irradiation.- 3.1.1 Indication for CNS germinoma.- 3.1.2 Technical consideration for craniospinal irradiation.- 3.2 Smaller field irradiation.- 3.3 Low dose small field irradiation following to chemotherapy.- 3.4 HCG-producing CNS germinoma.- 4. Radiotherapy for CNS non-germinomatous GCTs.- 4.1 Mature teratoma.- 4.2 Immature teratoma.- 4.3 Teratoma with malignant transformation.- 4.4 Highly malignant non-germinomatous GCTs.- 4.5 Mixed GCTs.- 5. Stereotactic irradiation (STI).- 6. Future remarks.- XIII. Adverse effect of therapy and late sequelae in survivors.- 1. Effect of external radiotherapy.- 1.1 Physical development.- 1.2 Neuropsychological sequelae.- 1.2.1 Histopathological findings.- 1.2.2 General observation after radiotherapy for children.- 1.2.3 Findings after radiotherapy for CNS GCTs.- 1.2.4 Prevention and follow-up.- 2. Induction of secondary tumors after irradiation.- 2.1 The molecular basis.- 2.2 General features.- 2.3 Relative risks.- 2.4 Radiation-induced meningiomas, astrocytic tumors, and sarcomas.- 3. Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction and their management.- 3.1 Growth hormone deficiency.- 3.2 Pubertal development.- 3.3 Other hypothalamic-pituitary disorders.- 3.4 Mechanism and site of the lesion.- 3.5 Growth.- 3.6 Treatment.- 4. Ototoxicity of chemotherapy.- 4.1 Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.- 4.2 Audiological monitoring.- 4.3 Prevention and follow-up.- 5. Clinical significance of pineal gland dysfunction.- 5.1 Revisit to the pineal gland.- 5.2 Abnormal melatonin secretion.- 5.3 Disorders of sleep and sexual development.- 5.4 Aging and cancer.